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Interferon beta (IFN-b) belongs to the interferon family of signaling proteins, which are released as part of the innate immune response to pathogens. IFN-b belongs to the type I class of interferons, which are important for defense against viral infections. In addition, type I interferons are involved in cell differentiation and anti-tumor defenses. Following secretion in response to a pathogen, type I interferons bind a homologous receptor complex and induce transcription of genes such as those encoding inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Overactivation of type I interferon secretion is linked to autoimmune diseases. Mice deficient for the IFN-beta gene display several phenotypes including defects in B cell maturation and increased susceptibility to viral infection.