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Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor is a secreted protein that is expressed in brain, neuronal and certain non-neuronal tissues. It has been shown to promote survival, growth and function of dopamine specific neurons. MANF and its structural homolog CDNF, each contain an N-terminal saposin-like lipid binding domain, and a carboxyl-terminal domain, which is not homologous to previously characterized protein structures. MANF and CDNF can prevent 6-OHDA induced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons by triggering survival pathways in a rat experimental model of Parkinson disease. Mature human MANF is 99%, 98% and 96% a.a. identical to mature rat, mouse and bovine MANF respectively.